STRATEGIC MANGEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION Free Essay Example, 1000 words

Police vehicles and ambulances which use the line of lights on top of vehicles. The use of LEDs is also becoming famous in normal everyday items of use like Televisions, radios, telephones, watches and even in calculators (Schubert, 2006). These are also used in the festive lights. b) Electric Cars: These are in most cases used by golfers to carry around the golfs and the entire packs across the course. This was the original use of the cars, however as time has passed by, the electric cars are now also used in huge resorts, where the guest can move from rooms to the restaurants in the small electric cars. Also the most recent users of electric cars are the general public. These cars have been introduced worldwide and are being used as a replacement to the traditional fuel vehicles. Also the other main segments of the markets are the racers, conversions, and hobbyists. (4) Identify the types of organizations that may need to evaluate strategy more frequently than other types of organizations. Justify your choices. There are several organizations that need to identify and evaluate their strategies more than any other organization. We will write a custom essay sample on STRATEGIC MANGEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now These are mainly the ones operating in the turbulent industry and which need to ensure that the strategies are in line with the current market needs as well. The various industries that need to be a part of these are, electronics, aerospace, and any other organization who base all products and services on electronic items. Some excellent examples are mobile phone manufacturers, computer industry, aerospace industry, gaming industry, i.e. the game producers like Sony, Television and entertainment industries. The main reasons for the need to evaluate strategy are the fast and unstoppable improvements of technology every single day. This leaves the companies needing to create newer products which can compete in the markets. Take the example of Sony, The company first brought in the Play Station, and with the high improvements in technology, the immediate next step was the improved version, i.e. the Play station 2 and within a very short period Play Station 3. The main difference in these is the technology used and the basic strategies of development of the games. Companies of this nature need to be updated at the earliest to ensure that they have the first mover advantage and gain over the market as well (Dixit & Nalebuff, 1993). Hence they need to continuously improve their strategies. (5) Compare and contrast having strategic management more visible or hidden as a process in a company.

A Brief History of Plasma Television

The first prototype for a plasma display monitor was invented in July 1964 at the University of Illinois by professors Donald Bitzer and Gene Slottow and then graduate student Robert Willson. However, it was not until after the advent of digital and other technologies that successful plasma televisions became possible. According to Wikipedia a plasma display is an emissive flat panel display where light is created by phosphors excited by a plasma discharge between two flat panels of glass. During the early sixties, the University of Illinois used regular televisions as computer monitors for their in-house computer network. Donald Bitzer, Gene Slottow, and Robert Willson (the inventors listed on the plasma display patent) researched plasma displays as an alternative to the cathode ray tube-based televisions sets being used. A cathode-ray display has to constantly refresh, which is okay for video and broadcasts but bad for displaying computer graphics. Donald Bitzer began the project and enlisted the help of Gene Slottow and Robert Willson. By July of 1964, the team had built the first plasma display panel with one single cell. Todays plasma televisions use millions of cells. After 1964, television broadcast companies considered developing plasma television as an alternative to televisions using cathode ray tubes. However, LCD or liquid crystal displays made possible flat-screen television that squelched the further commercial development of plasma display. It took many years for plasma televisions to became successful and they finally did due to the efforts of Larry Weber. University of Illinois author Jamie Hutchinson wrote that Larry Webers prototype sixty-inch plasma display, developed for Matsushita and bearing the Panasonic label, combined the size and resolution necessary for HDTV with the addition of thinness.

The Capstone Product ( Found As An Attachment - 1671 Words

The capstone product (found as an attachment in the appendix) demonstrated how role-playing, student-centered activities, could help students to better understand the feelings of others when positioned with different forms of prejudice. This program was aimed to assist students to address their negative ethnocentric attitudes and demonstrate tolerance for other cultures’ uniqueness. The following was an overview of the project components that were incorporated into Contact, Conflict, and Cohesiveness program. Because there is a gap for student-centered programs in the area for community colleges and for adult ESL programs, this potential archetype could contribute a new form of curriculum for not just a local level but at a national level for community college as well. When planning this capstone project for an English as a Second Language program, there were some critical components that needed to be built-into this final product. First, the teacher needed to recognize a clear theme for the component being taught; a detailed topic to be addressed or a thematic section was included (Richards, 2012). The theme for this project included various forms of prejudice or negative ethnocentrism. A one-sentence goal was created as well as a description for the purpose of this project (Celce-Murcia, 2001). Therefore, one goal for this program was to improve adult ESL students’ negative ethnocentric behaviors with other cultures in a community college environment. From this, aShow MoreRelatedUop Bus 210 Syllabus2009 Words   |  9 Pagesan organizational change, etc.). Briefly describe your event and categorize the manager’s actions under each of the four functions of management (Use Appendix C as your guide). †¢ Post Appendix B and your responses to the questions as a single attachment. 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Entity Relationship Diagram for Normalisation

Question: Discuss about the ERD for Normalization Functions. Answer: ERD: Normalization: First Normalization Form: Eliminating repeating groups VIPStatus (VIPStatusID, VIPStatusName, DiscountPtge) Company (CompanyID, CompanyName, Address, Phone, Fax, Email) Customer (CustomerID, FirstName, LastName, Address, City, State, CompanyID, Mobile, PostCode, Email, CustomerTypeName, FFDiscount, VIPStatusID) Staff (StaffID, StaffName, Address, Phone, Email, SupervisorID, CompanyID) Location (LocationID, LocationName, State, City, PostCode) TravelBooking (TravelID, DepartureDate, ArrivalDate, OverallTravelAmount, CustomerID, StaffID, CompanyID, NumAdult, NumChild, InvoiceDate, TravelPackageAmount, IsAmountPaid, TravelPackageID, Description, PackageAmount, DatePkgIssued, DatePkgExpired, DepartingDate, ReturnDate, AirlineID, AirlineName, DepartureLocationID, DestinationLocationID, FlightID, FlightName, DateOfDeparture, DateOfArrival, CabinClass, AirlineCharges, HotelID, HotelName, LocationID, Phone) Second Normalization Form: Eliminating redundant data VIPStatus (VIPStatusID, VIPStatusName, DiscountPtge) Company (CompanyID, CompanyName, Address, Phone, Fax, Email) Customer (CustomerID, FirstName, LastName, Address, City, State, CompanyID, Mobile, PostCode, Email, CustomerTypeName, FFDiscount, VIPStatusID) Staff (StaffID, StaffName, Address, Phone, Email, SupervisorID, CompanyID) Location (LocationID, LocationName, State, City, PostCode) Hotels (HotelID, HotelName, LocationID, Phone) TravelPackage (TravelPackageID, Description, PackageAmount, DatePkgIssued, DatePkgExpired, DepartingDate, ReturnDate) Airline (AirlineID, AirlineName, DepartureLocationID, DestinationLocationID, FlightID, FlightName, DateOfDeparture, DateOfArrival, CabinClass, AirlineCharges) TravelBooking (TravelID, DepartureDate, ArrivalDate, OverallTravelAmount, CustomerID, StaffID, CompanyID, NumAdult, NumChild, InvoiceDate, TravelPackageAmount, IsAmountPaid, TravelPackageID, AirlineID, HotelID) Third Normalization Form: Remove Transitive Dependency CustomerType (CustomerTypeID, CustomerTypeName) Company (CompanyID, CompanyName, Address, Phone, Fax, Email) Customer (CustomerID, FirstName, LastName, Address, City, State, CompanyID, Mobile, PostCode, Email, CustomerTypeID) Staff (StaffID, StaffName, Address, Phone, Email, SupervisorID, CompanyID) VIPStatus (VIPStatusID, VIPStatusName, DiscountPtge) VIP (CustomerID, VIPStatusID) FrequentFlyer (CustomerID, FFDiscount) Location (LocationID, LocationName, State, City, PostCode) Flight (FlightID, FlightName) Hotels (HotelID, HotelName, LocationID, Phone) TravelPackage (TravelPackageID, Description, PackageAmount, DatePkgIssued, DatePkgExpired, DepartingDate, ReturnDate) Airline (AirlineID, AirlineName, DepartureLocationID, DestinationLocationID, FlightID, DateOfDeparture, DateOfArrival, CabinClass, AirlineCharges) TravelBooking (TravelID, DepartureDate, ArrivalDate, OverallTravelAmount, CustomerID, StaffID, CompanyID, NumAdult, NumChild) TravellingDetails (TravelPackageID, AirlineID, TravelID) StayAt (HotelID, TravelID, TravelPackageID) Invoice (InvoiceID, InvoiceDate, TravelPackageAmount, IsAmountPaid, TravelID, CustomerID) Note: Primary Key - Underline Foreign Key - Italics Relational Schema: CustomerType (CustomerTypeID, CustomerTypeName) Primary Key (CustomerTypeID) Company (CompanyID, CompanyName, Address, Phone, Fax, Email) Primary Key (CompanyID) Customer (CustomerID, FirstName, LastName, Address, City, State, CompanyID, Mobile, PostCode, Email, CustomerTypeID) Primary Key (CustomerID), Foreign Key (CompanyID) References Company (CompanyID), Foreign Key (CustomerTypeID) References CustomerType (CustomerTypeID) Staff (StaffID, StaffName, Address, Phone, Email, SupervisorID, CompanyID) Primary Key (StaffID), Foreign Key (SupervisorID) References Staff (StaffID), Foreign Key (CompanyID) References Company (CompanyID) VIPStatus (VIPStatusID, VIPStatusName, DiscountPtge) Primary Key (VIPStatusID) VIP (CustomerID, VIPStatusID) Primary Key (CustomerID), Foreign Key (CustomerID) References Customer (CustomerID) Foreign Key (VIPStatusID) References VIPStatus (VIPStatusID) FrequentFlyer (CustomerID, FFDiscount) Primary Key (CustomerID), Foreign Key (CustomerID) References Customer (CustomerID) Location (LocationID, LocationName, State, City, PostCode) Primary Key (LocationID) Flight (FlightID, FlightName) Primary Key (FlightID) Hotels (HotelID, HotelName, LocationID, Phone) Primary Key (HotelID), Foreign Key (LocationID) References Location (LocationID) TravelPackage (TravelPackageID, Description, PackageAmount, DatePkgIssued, DatePkgExpired, DepartingDate, ReturnDate) Primary Key (TravelPackageID) Airline (AirlineID, AirlineName, DepartureLocationID, DestinationLocationID, FlightID, DateOfDeparture, DateOfArrival, CabinClass, AirlineCharges) Primary Key (RestaurantID), Foreign Key (DepartureLocationID) References Location (LocationID), Foreign Key (DestinationLocationID) References Location (LocationID), Foreign Key (FlightID) References Flight (FlightID) TravelBooking (TravelID, DepartureDate, ArrivalDate, OverallTravelAmount, CustomerID, StaffID, CompanyID, NumAdult, NumChild) Primary Key (TravelID), Foreign Key (CustomerID) References Customer (CustomerID), Foreign Key (StaffID) References Staff (StaffID), Foreign Key (CompanyID) References Company (CompanyID) TravellingDetails (TravelPackageID, AirlineID, TravelID) Primary Key (TravelPackageID, AirlineID, TravelID), Foreign Key (TravelPackageID) References TravelPackage (TravelPackageID), Foreign Key (AirlineID) References Airline (AirlineID), Foreign Key (TravelID) References TravelBooking (TravelID) StayAt (HotelID, TravelID, TravelPackageID) Primary Key (TravelPackageID, AirlineID, TravelID), Foreign Key (TravelPackageID) References TravelPackage (TravelPackageID), Foreign Key (HotelID) References Hotels (HotelID), Foreign Key (TravelID) References TravelBooking (TravelID) Invoice (InvoiceID, InvoiceDate, TravelPackageAmount, IsAmountPaid, TravelID, CustomerID) Primary Key (InvoiceID), Foreign Key (TravelID) References TravelBooking (TravelID), Foreign Key (CustomerID) References Customer (CustomerID) Database Schema: DROP TABLE IF EXISTS CustomerType ; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS CustomerType ( CustomerTypeID INT NOT NULL, CustomerTypeName VARCHAR(45) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (CustomerTypeID)); -- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Table Company -- ----------------------------------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS Company ; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Company ( CompanyID INT NOT NULL, CompanyName VARCHAR(45) NOT NULL, Address VARCHAR(60) NOT NULL, Phone VARCHAR(15) NOT NULL, Fax VARCHAR(15) NOT NULL, Email VARCHAR(45) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (CompanyID)); -- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Table Customer -- ----------------------------------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS Customer ; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Customer ( CustomerID INT NOT NULL, FirstName VARCHAR(25) NOT NULL, LastName VARCHAR(25) NOT NULL, Address VARCHAR(60) NOT NULL, City VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL, State VARCHAR(3) NOT NULL, Mobile VARCHAR(15) NOT NULL, PostCode INT NOT NULL, Email VARCHAR(45) NOT NULL, CustomerTypeID INT NOT NULL, CompanyID INT NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (CustomerID), INDEX fk_Customer_CustomerType_idx (CustomerTypeID ASC), INDEX fk_Customer_Company1_idx (CompanyID ASC), CONSTRAINT fk_Customer_CustomerType FOREIGN KEY (CustomerTypeID) REFERENCES CustomerType (CustomerTypeID) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, CONSTRAINT fk_Customer_Company1 FOREIGN KEY (CompanyID) REFERENCES Company (CompanyID) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION); -- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Table Staff -- ----------------------------------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS Staff ; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Staff ( StaffID INT NOT NULL, StaffName VARCHAR(45) NOT NULL, Address VARCHAR(60) NOT NULL, Phone VARCHAR(15) NOT NULL, Email VARCHAR(45) NOT NULL, CompanyID INT NOT NULL, SupervisorID INT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (StaffID), INDEX fk_Staff_Company1_idx (CompanyID ASC), INDEX fk_Staff_Staff1_idx (SupervisorID ASC), CONSTRAINT fk_Staff_Company1 FOREIGN KEY (CompanyID) REFERENCES Company (CompanyID) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, CONSTRAINT fk_Staff_Staff1 FOREIGN KEY (SupervisorID) REFERENCES Staff (StaffID) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION); -- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Table VIPStatus -- ----------------------------------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS VIPStatus ; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS VIPStatus ( VIPStatusID INT NOT NULL, VIPStatusName VARCHAR(45) NOT NULL, DiscountPtge FLOAT NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (VIPStatusID)); -- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Table VIP -- ----------------------------------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS VIP ; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS VIP ( CustomerID INT NOT NULL, VIPStatusID INT NOT NULL, INDEX fk_VIP_Customer1_idx (CustomerID ASC), INDEX fk_VIP_VIPStatus1_idx (VIPStatusID ASC), PRIMARY KEY (CustomerID), CONSTRAINT fk_VIP_Customer1 FOREIGN KEY (CustomerID) REFERENCES Customer (CustomerID) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, CONSTRAINT fk_VIP_VIPStatus1 FOREIGN KEY (VIPStatusID) REFERENCES VIPStatus (VIPStatusID) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION); -- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Table FrequentFlyer -- ----------------------------------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FrequentFlyer ; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS FrequentFlyer ( CustomerID INT NOT NULL, FFDiscount FLOAT NOT NULL, INDEX fk_FrequentFlyer_Customer1_idx (CustomerID ASC), PRIMARY KEY (CustomerID), CONSTRAINT fk_FrequentFlyer_Customer1 FOREIGN KEY (CustomerID) REFERENCES Customer (CustomerID) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION); -- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Table Location -- ----------------------------------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS Location ; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Location ( LocationID INT NOT NULL, LocationName VARCHAR(45) NOT NULL, City VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL, State VARCHAR(3) NOT NULL, PostCode INT NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (LocationID)); -- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Table Flight -- ----------------------------------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS Flight ; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Flight ( FlightID INT NOT NULL, FlightName VARCHAR(45) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (FlightID)); -- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Table Hotels -- ----------------------------------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS Hotels ; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Hotels ( HotelID INT NOT NULL, HotelName VARCHAR(45) NOT NULL, Phone VARCHAR(15) NOT NULL, Location_LocationID INT NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (HotelID), INDEX fk_Hotels_Location1_idx (Location_LocationID ASC), CONSTRAINT fk_Hotels_Location1 FOREIGN KEY (Location_LocationID) REFERENCES Location (LocationID) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION); -- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Table TravelPackage -- ----------------------------------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS TravelPackage ; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS TravelPackage ( TravelPackageID INT NOT NULL, Description VARCHAR(60) NOT NULL, PackageAmount FLOAT NOT NULL, DatePkgIssued DATE NOT NULL, DatePkgExpired DATE NOT NULL, DepartingDate DATE NOT NULL, ReturnDate DATE NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (TravelPackageID)); -- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Table Airline -- ----------------------------------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS Airline ; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Airline ( AirlineID INT NOT NULL, AirlineName VARCHAR(45) NOT NULL, DateOfDeparture DATE NOT NULL, DateOfArrival DATE NULL, CabinClass VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL, AirlineCharges FLOAT NOT NULL, DepartureLocationID INT NOT NULL, DestinationLocationID INT NOT NULL, FlightID INT NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (AirlineID), INDEX fk_Airline_Location1_idx (DepartureLocationID ASC), INDEX fk_Airline_Location2_idx (DestinationLocationID ASC), INDEX fk_Airline_Flight1_idx (FlightID ASC), CONSTRAINT fk_Airline_Location1 FOREIGN KEY (DepartureLocationID) REFERENCES Location (LocationID) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, CONSTRAINT fk_Airline_Location2 FOREIGN KEY (DestinationLocationID) REFERENCES Location (LocationID) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, CONSTRAINT fk_Airline_Flight1 FOREIGN KEY (FlightID) REFERENCES Flight (FlightID) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION); -- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Table TravelBooking -- ----------------------------------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS TravelBooking ; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS TravelBooking ( TravelID INT NOT NULL, DepartureDate DATE NOT NULL, ArrivalDate DATE NOT NULL, OverallTravelAmount FLOAT NOT NULL, NumAdult INT NOT NULL, NumChild INT NOT NULL, CustomerID INT NOT NULL, StaffID INT NOT NULL, CompanyID INT NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (TravelID), INDEX fk_TravelBooking_Customer1_idx (CustomerID ASC), INDEX fk_TravelBooking_Staff1_idx (StaffID ASC), INDEX fk_TravelBooking_Company1_idx (CompanyID ASC), CONSTRAINT fk_TravelBooking_Customer1 FOREIGN KEY (CustomerID) REFERENCES Customer (CustomerID) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, CONSTRAINT fk_TravelBooking_Staff1 FOREIGN KEY (StaffID) REFERENCES Staff (StaffID) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, CONSTRAINT fk_TravelBooking_Company1 FOREIGN KEY (CompanyID) REFERENCES Company (CompanyID) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION); -- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Table TravellingDetails -- ----------------------------------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS TravellingDetails ; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS TravellingDetails ( TravelID INT NOT NULL, TravelPackageID INT NOT NULL, AirlineID INT NOT NULL, INDEX fk_TravellingDetails_TravelBooking1_idx (TravelID ASC), INDEX fk_TravellingDetails_TravelPackage1_idx (TravelPackageID ASC), INDEX fk_TravellingDetails_Airline1_idx (AirlineID ASC), PRIMARY KEY (TravelID, TravelPackageID, AirlineID), CONSTRAINT fk_TravellingDetails_TravelBooking1 FOREIGN KEY (TravelID) REFERENCES TravelBooking (TravelID) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, CONSTRAINT fk_TravellingDetails_TravelPackage1 FOREIGN KEY (TravelPackageID) REFERENCES TravelPackage (TravelPackageID) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, CONSTRAINT fk_TravellingDetails_Airline1 FOREIGN KEY (AirlineID) REFERENCES Airline (AirlineID) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION); -- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Table StayAt -- ----------------------------------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS StayAt ; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS StayAt ( HotelID INT NOT NULL, TravelID INT NOT NULL, TravelPackageID INT NOT NULL, INDEX fk_StayAt_Hotels1_idx (HotelID ASC), INDEX fk_StayAt_TravelBooking1_idx (TravelID ASC), INDEX fk_StayAt_TravelPackage1_idx (TravelPackageID ASC), PRIMARY KEY (HotelID, TravelID, TravelPackageID), CONSTRAINT fk_StayAt_Hotels1 FOREIGN KEY (HotelID) REFERENCES Hotels (HotelID) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, CONSTRAINT fk_StayAt_TravelBooking1 FOREIGN KEY (TravelID) REFERENCES TravelBooking (TravelID) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, CONSTRAINT fk_StayAt_TravelPackage1 FOREIGN KEY (TravelPackageID) REFERENCES TravelPackage (TravelPackageID) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION); -- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Table Invoice -- ----------------------------------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS Invoice ; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Invoice ( InvoiceID INT NOT NULL, InvoiceDate DATE NOT NULL, TravelPackageAmount FLOAT NOT NULL, IsAmountPaid VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL, TravelID INT NOT NULL, CustomerID INT NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (InvoiceID), INDEX fk_Invoice_TravelBooking1_idx (TravelID ASC), INDEX fk_Invoice_Customer1_idx (CustomerID ASC), CONSTRAINT fk_Invoice_TravelBooking1 FOREIGN KEY (TravelID) REFERENCES TravelBooking (TravelID) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, CONSTRAINT fk_Invoice_Customer1 FOREIGN KEY (CustomerID) REFERENCES Customer (CustomerID) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);