Comparison Italy vs Spain in Crisis Free Essays

Correlation Spain versus Italy Similarities * Left-focused alliance government * Member of the EU * Low birth rate * High migration * Declining seriousness * Latin, Mediterranean (used to take rests), exceptionally enthusiastic residents * High costs, low efficiency firms (liable to be surpassed by Chinese rivalry) * Low spending on Ramp;D * Poor instructive framework Differences * Italy has a high dark economy, Spain doesn't (charge deficiencies for Italy) * Spain: government and popularity based * Italy: republic Corruption rate record (Italy: 6. 5 and Spain 4. We will compose a custom article test on Correlation Italy versus Spain in Crisis or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now 8) * Unemployment rate (Italy: 10. 7% Spain: 25. 1%) How did Italy and Spain become battling economies? Spain * Real home accident Nearly every Spanish delegate did vigorously interests in the land advertise. So there was an illicit association between changes attempted and pointless low loan costs concerning the lodging area to their greatest advantage. Cajas, which are semi-open banks, are the most included banks, which lenthuge measures of cash to the land segment. Those land organizations failed. This was trailed by a colossal cost increment of lodging done by the cajas, since they expected to get their cash back. * Increase in joblessness * Huge exchange shortage (expanding oil costs, absence of assets) * High expansion rate (brought about by land cost increment and family obligation increment) Italy * High legislative obligation (118% of GDP) * Very hard to begin organizations - gt; high administration and slow equity framework * Very frail economy Weak venture, old populace, poor guidelines (- gt;less increment in efficiency) * Very low yearly development rate (lower than the pace of intrigue it pays) - gt; causes an immense administrative obligation * Due to an awful standpoint and frailties of Italy the financing cost expanded enormously for Italy * If no one will loan to Italy, at that point Italy can't reimburse its obligations. Furthermore, on the off chance that Italy can't reimburse its obligations, at that point no one will loan to it. (Endless loop) What systems did the legislature do to diminish the impacts of the emergency? Italy * Monti attempts to help development in Italy â‚ ¬10 billion of investment funds ought to be reinvested to support development * New approach: diminished assessment to urge firms to enlist ladies and youthful specialists * Full-scale progression of shopping hours (to animate shopper spending) * â‚ ¬3. 8 billion for foundation ventures (to draw in FDI) Spain: * Restructuring Spain’s banking part A ton of little and frail banks have needed to converge by bigger banks. This caused work misfortune by 11% in this part. Bankia, Spain’s fourth-biggest bank is presently part nationalized this caused a tremendous legislative cash spending to spare the bank. * Recession To find support from the market (getting reserves) would be excessively cost escalated (high loan fees). So Spain needed to request budgetary assistance at euro individuals. So far Spain doesn't need a full bailout or salvage, to keep away from another expansion in loan fees and close management of the Spanish money framework. So far the legislature chose for: a 12% normal cut in clerical spending, freeze in open area pay for the third sequential year, new autonomous power to screen government accounts, increment in benefits, new 20% duty on lottery wins, new vehicle scrappage conspire. Ms Saenz de Santamaria said that endeavors to close the government’s shortage would concentrate more on spending-cuts than charge rises. * The main territories of spending to increment in 2013 would be benefits, understudy grants and intrigue installments. (to quiet the Spanish resident) * Government attempts to decrease the deficiency to 6. 3% of the GDP this year. * However, government said that charge incomes will be higher than planned during the current year, so they are relied upon to increment by a further 3. 8% in 2013. Investigation †Spain * Since the enormous land bubble was generally brought about by the legislature and government officials, they additionally should assist Spain with overcoming the emergency. Spain’s salvage plan so far is to cut legislative spending and diminish charges. This ought to invigorate purchaser spending, which will assist the market with getting in a superior stream once more. At the other hand by mentioning a potential bailout plan from the EU, Spain makes its residents and its potential speculators profoundly unreliable. The potential bailout plan shows that Spain can't defeat the emergency without anyone else and herewith no outside speculators and no credits out of the market with adequate financing costs will be further accessible for Spain. Right now Spain can't come out of the emergency wi thout anyone else. Because of this, assist will with being required. As referenced above, Spain previously mentioned a potential bailout plan, which isn't yet mentioned by the Spanish government, to forestall an expansion in loan fees and a severe perception and guideline of the Spanish legislative activities. * It is unavoidable that Spain rapidly chooses about an emergency plan, which ought to be carefully followed for the following years. * In my supposition Spain needs to utilize a bailout bundle to spare its financial area. By this activity, the legislature would show its residents, who are for the most part jobless and profoundly obligated, that it removes activities to get Spain from the emergency. The administration previously attempted to be progressively neoliberal by not interceding a great deal and simply getting the financial segment out by giving money related salvage help („lightâ€Å" bailout). This money related guide didn't take care of the issue inside and out. Now of time the Spanish populace needs security gave by the administration to turn out to be progressively dynamic once more. * It will be a troublesome technique to intercede with more cuts and changes. Numerous changes will contact the government assistance state, for example, benefits, training and wellbeing. * A further intercession would most likely reason a further disintegration of well known help for the EU and might prompt a development of another shaped government lead by technocrats. * BUT: Spain needs more employments, to diminish its high joblessness rate. * To accomplish that, the legislature ought to finance firms, which make employments for Spanish residents. Additionally Spanish government previously assumed control over its greatest bank, this could be a begin to oversee significant and enormous establishments, regarding work creation. Spain ought to give a blend of private organizations, which get sponsorships on the off chance that they make new openings and state claimed or mostly possessed firms to control the issue of joblessness better. * More work and lower charges would then animate the purchaser spending, which would be trailed by an exceptionally invigorat ed and beneficial economy. * Now it is the turn of the administration to spend more and decrease burdens as long as the private area is prepared to take the economy forward (Keynesian hypothesis) * If the Spanish economy and the market chills off FDI will keep on coming in, which is likewise a positive reality. As far the market isn't as ttractive for remote financial specialists, the administration could likewise make grant plans for them. * I am sure about Spain’s FDI future, since Spain is situated in the entryway to the Mediterranean, North Africa and Latin America, its work advertise gives youthful and qualified specialists, so far the VAT and the Corporate Tax refund framework is moderately low in contrast with the other EU nations. (FDI is a significant hotspot for Spain, it means 44% of its GDP, and 7% of business) Analysis Italy * After Adam Smith each nation ought to work in the division where its upper hand is the greatest. Yet, on account of Spain and Italy there is no tremendous upper hand in a specific part. So I would propose the hypothesis of David Ricardo. He proposed concentrating on a similar preferred position, which implies that less proficient nations can in any case profit by unhindered commerce in the event that they send out those items where they have the least efficiency hindrance. * In request to beat administrative obligation, the Italian government cut legislative spending, solidified on open pay rates and halted charge increments. * It additionally transformed the work market to defeat the high joblessness rate. Those activities were completely brought about by the administration, which prompts the supposition that the administration holds the power over all future market activities. (Keynesian methodology) * The Italian government additionally designs another structure of the duty framework that incorporates a more noteworthy degree of control concerning tax avoidance. The duty stru cture will be more development well disposed, which incorporates occupying pay from the rich to the lower paid resident, this should expand the buyer spending. (Keynesian methodology) - gt; Stimulating shopper spending prompts Porters Diamond Italy after 1945 once more. The Demand Conditions, which were refined in Italy, ought to be improved once more. * In April 2012, the legislature proposed a work advertise change. This change should be embraced as quickly as time permits to conquered Italy? s serious misfortune with exchange accomplices. (- gt;Improve seriousness) * The administration additionally presented financial motivating forces concentrating on the work of ladies (activity on childcare and older consideration offices). Older Italian ladies are compelled to look for some kind of employment since the pensionable age will ascend by five years somewhere in the range of 2012 and 2018. - gt;Fostering business) - gt;Factor Conditions after Porter Diamond * Another helpful advance for SMEs the legislature took is that organizations can avoid the notional profit for new infusions of value capital from available pay. This will expand the size of firms of SMEs and interests in advancement. Italy? s monetary quality lies in handling and assembling pr oducts of SMEs. (- gt;Governmental speculation and strategies to expand the global rivalry of Italy) - gt; Porter Diamond-Related Supporting Industries * The legislature additionally frames approaches to monetarily help SMEs at their Ramp;D division. This will trigger firm-explicit points of interest, which can be helpful

Motivation in the Classroom

One of the most troublesome undertakings an instructor faces is spurring understudies. What precisely is it that makes an understudy need to learn? For what reason are a few understudies handily spurred while different understudies must be persuaded to perform assignments that appear to be straightforward? An instructor needs to pose these inquiries about every individual understudy in their group, and as a rule begins to look for the appropriate responses inside the initial not many long stretches of meeting their understudies. It is significant for a teacher to have a working com/methodologies for-scholarly achievement/>definition of inspiration in the event that they plan on actualizing persuasive strategies in their classroom.According to Eric Jensen (2005), creator of Teaching considering the Brain, inspiration is, â€Å"arousal and drive. Excitement recommends direction towards an objective, and drive is sufficiently caring to take care of accomplishing the goal† (p. 102). Jensen recommends that a few understudies will be naturally spurred and require almost no push to succeed. He additionally clarifies that there are numerous understudies with which a teacher should work so as to fabricate that characteristic inspiration. At last, achievement in the study hall can be shaped from numerous points of view, yet there are a couple of focuses that are totally necessary.Setting elevated standards for your understudies is fundamental. Ensuring that you know your understudies and take into account every individual youngster is likewise relevant. Additionally, distinguishing outside elements that may cause achievement or an absence of progress will be significant. The independence that an instructor shows their understudies is critical to progress inside the homeroom. An understudy ought to have the option to feel like what they do or say is considered by the instructor. This doesn't imply that the educator will change the manner in which they get things done, yet they will consider the emotions and assessments of their students.This adds to the understudies sentiments of self-esteem. In an article by Patricia Hardre (2003), A persuasive model of provincial understudies' goals to persevere in, versus drop out of, secondary school, she overviewed understudies soliciting them to rate the significance from specific characteristics. Questions like, â€Å"My instructors furnish me with decisions and options,† and â€Å"My educators attempt to see how I see things before they recommend to me how they would deal with a specific situation,† scored profoundly and are seen by the understudies as the most significant part of a balanced educator (p.351).Providing a youngster with various approaches to go to an answer won't just support the kid, it will give them that you are keen on their prosperity and have exclusive standards for them. Allison Ryan’s article, The study hall social condition and changes in young people's inspiration and commitment during center school, essentially advances similar thoughts. She expresses that, â€Å"students' view of instructor support and the educator as advancing cooperation and shared regard were identified with positive changes in inspiration and engagement† (p.451).The impression of an understudy about their educator is basic, and will assume a significant job in whether the kid is fruitful. The desires that an instructor puts on their understudies will from numerous points of view shape the manner in which the class will gain from the main day until the last. A solid educator is one that will give the understudies discipline just as sympathy. The person will be a pioneer, however not reluctant to tune in and comprehend the requirements of the understudies and obviously adjust to those particular needs when applicable.These attributes are significant, yet what will at last lead to progress is the teacher’s capacity to inspire. We realize how fit y oungsters are, and we realize that their capacities are practically unending. As a rule what they are missing is authority, course, and somebody letting them know â€Å"I put stock in you†. Isaac Friedman (2011) in his article, Teachers' job desires: Altruism, narcissism, patemalistic charitableness, and altruistic narcissism, clarifies that instructors must utilize what he calls â€Å"benevolent narcissism† in their classroom.Freidman clarifies â€Å"benevolent narcissism† as the limit of an instructor to have such elevated standards of their understudies that they nearly put on a show of being arrogant (p. 19). Having such an uplifting disposition will at last form a child’s self-esteem and cause them to feel bolstered and trusted in. This is likewise clarified in Maslow’s chain of command of requirements. As Robert E. Slavin (2012) accounts for, â€Å"Self regard is basic to physical and mental well-being† (p. 288).However, a kid can rush to question themselves in the event that they have an inclination that they have nobody who puts stock in them. At the point when seen self-viability is high, progressively yearning difficulties are sought after, and duties to grand objectives are made. At the point when self-adequacy is low, the youngster will consider inability to be the most probable result of whatever obstruction they may confront. Lisa Legault (2006) in her examination, Why do secondary school understudies need inspiration in the study hall, clarifies that apparent disappointment is the single most noteworthy boundary for a kid to survive in the event that the individual would like to be successful.She proceeds to state that even understudies who do have confidence in their capacities now and then make some troublesome memories accepting that they will have the ability to keep up the exertion expected to finish a task or accomplish in the homeroom (p. 579). Besides, Johnmarshall Reeve (2003), writer of the art icle Testing models of the experience of self-assurance in inborn inspiration and the problem of decision instructs that a youngster needs to feel â€Å"a feeling of unpressured eagerness to take part in the activity† (p. 380). This is totally relatable and understandable.Students are regularly confronted with undertakings that appear to be overwhelming to them, and without an emotionally supportive network it would be extremely simple to perceive how a kid could lose confidence in their capacity to confront a test. That is the reason it is so imperative to put every understudy on a similar playing field. Along these lines no understudy will feel sub-par, however you will in any case have the option to ensure every understudy is additionally instructed to their particular needs. Understudies know when they are dealt with in an unexpected way. They can totally tell whether their instructor is playing top choices in the classroom.It is unbearably excruciating to watch a homeroo m where an educator has caused a few understudies to feel unique and others have been caused to feel awkward. Those understudies who no longer feel they include a spot inside the study hall are the ones with their heads down, or talking continually to their friends, or they may even quit showing up through and through. In an article by Kristen Elmore (2012), If ‘we’ can succeed, ‘I’ can as well: Identity-based inspiration and sexual orientation in the study hall, she discusses the quick decrease in achievement of guys inside the study hall instead of their female counterparts.She discusses â€Å"identity-based motivation† and clarifies that male understudies are being demonized by their educators. The male understudies accept that they should be solid, and are caused to feel like they ought not require as much inspiration as their female schoolmates so as to finish similar assignments (p. 181). This is an amazingly tragic finding. By this point our i nstructors should realize that sexual orientation assumes for all intents and purposes no job in the inborn inspiration of our students.Of course there might be a lot of youngsters and ladies that don’t should be pushed with the goal for them to succeed, however most of them do require that additional push. There is a bad situation for sexual orientation inclination inside our educational systems. For a teacher, one of the most significant parts of keeping up a flourishing homeroom is keeping your understudies locked in. At the point when an understudy loses intrigue it turns out to be incredibly hard for them to be fruitful. In her article, Engagement and estrangement in the study hall: Part of a bigger persuasive dynamic, Ellen Skinner (2008) discusses the trouble numerous instructors have with persuading their students.One of the primary issues is that educators are as yet attempting to address at understudies and anticipate that them should hold immense measures of realit ies, rather than having them look for the right answers. She keeps up that when you require your understudies to filter through material and set up the relevant data themselves, they are substantially more prone to clutch that data. She additionally asserts that this more significant level learning will give the understudy more certainty since they will accept that the educator has confidence in them to become familiar with the material (p. 772).Likewise, Xiaoying Wu (2013), creator of Enhancing inspiration and commitment through communitarian conversation, clarifies how significant coordinated effort is in the study hall. Understudies appreciate working in gatherings or as a class so as to arrive at specific resolutions (p. 624). Working with their friends will particularly help those understudies who need an additional push to succeed. Understudies gain inspiration by working with different understudies that can push them to improve. A purposeful educator realizes that all underst udies are roused. The person in question likewise realizes that this inspiration isn't a similar level for each student.The deliberate instructor endeavors to keep high the drive of the effectively propelled understudy, and furthermore endeavors to draw out the inspiration of the understudy that requirements cajoling so as to succeed. They do this by having exercise designs that assist understudies with comprehending the material, which permits the understudy to invest wholeheartedly in their own achievements. An educator is straightforwardly answerable for the inspiration of their understudies, and will from numerous points of view shape the manner in which those understudies approach errands all through the remainder of their lives.

Semmes, Raphael

Semmes, Raphael Semmes, Raphael semz [key], 1809â€"77, American naval officer, b. Charles co., Md. He took part in the Mexican War, practiced law at Mobile, Ala., and was in the Lighthouse Service from 1856 to Feb., 1861, when he resigned his commission as commander. He soon took the same rank in the Confederate navy. His first ship, the Sumter, did considerable damage to Northern commerce before she was bottled up at Gibraltar in Jan., 1862. In Aug., 1862, Semmes, now a captain, took command of the Alabama (see Confederate cruisers ), and a two-year cruise made him the naval hero of the Confederacy. After the Alabama was sunk by the Kearsarge, Semmes returned to the South. He was promoted to rear admiral (Feb., 1865) and charged with the naval defense of Richmond. See H. A. Gosnell, Rebel Raider (1948); C. G. Summersell, The Cruise of C.S.S. Sumter (1965). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more E ncyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

STRATEGIC MANGEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION Free Essay Example, 1000 words

Police vehicles and ambulances which use the line of lights on top of vehicles. The use of LEDs is also becoming famous in normal everyday items of use like Televisions, radios, telephones, watches and even in calculators (Schubert, 2006). These are also used in the festive lights. b) Electric Cars: These are in most cases used by golfers to carry around the golfs and the entire packs across the course. This was the original use of the cars, however as time has passed by, the electric cars are now also used in huge resorts, where the guest can move from rooms to the restaurants in the small electric cars. Also the most recent users of electric cars are the general public. These cars have been introduced worldwide and are being used as a replacement to the traditional fuel vehicles. Also the other main segments of the markets are the racers, conversions, and hobbyists. (4) Identify the types of organizations that may need to evaluate strategy more frequently than other types of organizations. Justify your choices. There are several organizations that need to identify and evaluate their strategies more than any other organization. We will write a custom essay sample on STRATEGIC MANGEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now These are mainly the ones operating in the turbulent industry and which need to ensure that the strategies are in line with the current market needs as well. The various industries that need to be a part of these are, electronics, aerospace, and any other organization who base all products and services on electronic items. Some excellent examples are mobile phone manufacturers, computer industry, aerospace industry, gaming industry, i.e. the game producers like Sony, Television and entertainment industries. The main reasons for the need to evaluate strategy are the fast and unstoppable improvements of technology every single day. This leaves the companies needing to create newer products which can compete in the markets. Take the example of Sony, The company first brought in the Play Station, and with the high improvements in technology, the immediate next step was the improved version, i.e. the Play station 2 and within a very short period Play Station 3. The main difference in these is the technology used and the basic strategies of development of the games. Companies of this nature need to be updated at the earliest to ensure that they have the first mover advantage and gain over the market as well (Dixit & Nalebuff, 1993). Hence they need to continuously improve their strategies. (5) Compare and contrast having strategic management more visible or hidden as a process in a company.

A Brief History of Plasma Television

The first prototype for a plasma display monitor was invented in July 1964 at the University of Illinois by professors Donald Bitzer and Gene Slottow and then graduate student Robert Willson. However, it was not until after the advent of digital and other technologies that successful plasma televisions became possible. According to Wikipedia a plasma display is an emissive flat panel display where light is created by phosphors excited by a plasma discharge between two flat panels of glass. During the early sixties, the University of Illinois used regular televisions as computer monitors for their in-house computer network. Donald Bitzer, Gene Slottow, and Robert Willson (the inventors listed on the plasma display patent) researched plasma displays as an alternative to the cathode ray tube-based televisions sets being used. A cathode-ray display has to constantly refresh, which is okay for video and broadcasts but bad for displaying computer graphics. Donald Bitzer began the project and enlisted the help of Gene Slottow and Robert Willson. By July of 1964, the team had built the first plasma display panel with one single cell. Todays plasma televisions use millions of cells. After 1964, television broadcast companies considered developing plasma television as an alternative to televisions using cathode ray tubes. However, LCD or liquid crystal displays made possible flat-screen television that squelched the further commercial development of plasma display. It took many years for plasma televisions to became successful and they finally did due to the efforts of Larry Weber. University of Illinois author Jamie Hutchinson wrote that Larry Webers prototype sixty-inch plasma display, developed for Matsushita and bearing the Panasonic label, combined the size and resolution necessary for HDTV with the addition of thinness.

The Capstone Product ( Found As An Attachment - 1671 Words

The capstone product (found as an attachment in the appendix) demonstrated how role-playing, student-centered activities, could help students to better understand the feelings of others when positioned with different forms of prejudice. This program was aimed to assist students to address their negative ethnocentric attitudes and demonstrate tolerance for other cultures’ uniqueness. The following was an overview of the project components that were incorporated into Contact, Conflict, and Cohesiveness program. Because there is a gap for student-centered programs in the area for community colleges and for adult ESL programs, this potential archetype could contribute a new form of curriculum for not just a local level but at a national level for community college as well. When planning this capstone project for an English as a Second Language program, there were some critical components that needed to be built-into this final product. First, the teacher needed to recognize a clear theme for the component being taught; a detailed topic to be addressed or a thematic section was included (Richards, 2012). The theme for this project included various forms of prejudice or negative ethnocentrism. A one-sentence goal was created as well as a description for the purpose of this project (Celce-Murcia, 2001). Therefore, one goal for this program was to improve adult ESL students’ negative ethnocentric behaviors with other cultures in a community college environment. From this, aShow MoreRelatedUop Bus 210 Syllabus2009 Words   |  9 Pagesan organizational change, etc.). Briefly describe your event and categorize the manager’s actions under each of the four functions of management (Use Appendix C as your guide). †¢ Post Appendix B and your responses to the questions as a single attachment. 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Entity Relationship Diagram for Normalisation

Question: Discuss about the ERD for Normalization Functions. Answer: ERD: Normalization: First Normalization Form: Eliminating repeating groups VIPStatus (VIPStatusID, VIPStatusName, DiscountPtge) Company (CompanyID, CompanyName, Address, Phone, Fax, Email) Customer (CustomerID, FirstName, LastName, Address, City, State, CompanyID, Mobile, PostCode, Email, CustomerTypeName, FFDiscount, VIPStatusID) Staff (StaffID, StaffName, Address, Phone, Email, SupervisorID, CompanyID) Location (LocationID, LocationName, State, City, PostCode) TravelBooking (TravelID, DepartureDate, ArrivalDate, OverallTravelAmount, CustomerID, StaffID, CompanyID, NumAdult, NumChild, InvoiceDate, TravelPackageAmount, IsAmountPaid, TravelPackageID, Description, PackageAmount, DatePkgIssued, DatePkgExpired, DepartingDate, ReturnDate, AirlineID, AirlineName, DepartureLocationID, DestinationLocationID, FlightID, FlightName, DateOfDeparture, DateOfArrival, CabinClass, AirlineCharges, HotelID, HotelName, LocationID, Phone) Second Normalization Form: Eliminating redundant data VIPStatus (VIPStatusID, VIPStatusName, DiscountPtge) Company (CompanyID, CompanyName, Address, Phone, Fax, Email) Customer (CustomerID, FirstName, LastName, Address, City, State, CompanyID, Mobile, PostCode, Email, CustomerTypeName, FFDiscount, VIPStatusID) Staff (StaffID, StaffName, Address, Phone, Email, SupervisorID, CompanyID) Location (LocationID, LocationName, State, City, PostCode) Hotels (HotelID, HotelName, LocationID, Phone) TravelPackage (TravelPackageID, Description, PackageAmount, DatePkgIssued, DatePkgExpired, DepartingDate, ReturnDate) Airline (AirlineID, AirlineName, DepartureLocationID, DestinationLocationID, FlightID, FlightName, DateOfDeparture, DateOfArrival, CabinClass, AirlineCharges) TravelBooking (TravelID, DepartureDate, ArrivalDate, OverallTravelAmount, CustomerID, StaffID, CompanyID, NumAdult, NumChild, InvoiceDate, TravelPackageAmount, IsAmountPaid, TravelPackageID, AirlineID, HotelID) Third Normalization Form: Remove Transitive Dependency CustomerType (CustomerTypeID, CustomerTypeName) Company (CompanyID, CompanyName, Address, Phone, Fax, Email) Customer (CustomerID, FirstName, LastName, Address, City, State, CompanyID, Mobile, PostCode, Email, CustomerTypeID) Staff (StaffID, StaffName, Address, Phone, Email, SupervisorID, CompanyID) VIPStatus (VIPStatusID, VIPStatusName, DiscountPtge) VIP (CustomerID, VIPStatusID) FrequentFlyer (CustomerID, FFDiscount) Location (LocationID, LocationName, State, City, PostCode) Flight (FlightID, FlightName) Hotels (HotelID, HotelName, LocationID, Phone) TravelPackage (TravelPackageID, Description, PackageAmount, DatePkgIssued, DatePkgExpired, DepartingDate, ReturnDate) Airline (AirlineID, AirlineName, DepartureLocationID, DestinationLocationID, FlightID, DateOfDeparture, DateOfArrival, CabinClass, AirlineCharges) TravelBooking (TravelID, DepartureDate, ArrivalDate, OverallTravelAmount, CustomerID, StaffID, CompanyID, NumAdult, NumChild) TravellingDetails (TravelPackageID, AirlineID, TravelID) StayAt (HotelID, TravelID, TravelPackageID) Invoice (InvoiceID, InvoiceDate, TravelPackageAmount, IsAmountPaid, TravelID, CustomerID) Note: Primary Key - Underline Foreign Key - Italics Relational Schema: CustomerType (CustomerTypeID, CustomerTypeName) Primary Key (CustomerTypeID) Company (CompanyID, CompanyName, Address, Phone, Fax, Email) Primary Key (CompanyID) Customer (CustomerID, FirstName, LastName, Address, City, State, CompanyID, Mobile, PostCode, Email, CustomerTypeID) Primary Key (CustomerID), Foreign Key (CompanyID) References Company (CompanyID), Foreign Key (CustomerTypeID) References CustomerType (CustomerTypeID) Staff (StaffID, StaffName, Address, Phone, Email, SupervisorID, CompanyID) Primary Key (StaffID), Foreign Key (SupervisorID) References Staff (StaffID), Foreign Key (CompanyID) References Company (CompanyID) VIPStatus (VIPStatusID, VIPStatusName, DiscountPtge) Primary Key (VIPStatusID) VIP (CustomerID, VIPStatusID) Primary Key (CustomerID), Foreign Key (CustomerID) References Customer (CustomerID) Foreign Key (VIPStatusID) References VIPStatus (VIPStatusID) FrequentFlyer (CustomerID, FFDiscount) Primary Key (CustomerID), Foreign Key (CustomerID) References Customer (CustomerID) Location (LocationID, LocationName, State, City, PostCode) Primary Key (LocationID) Flight (FlightID, FlightName) Primary Key (FlightID) Hotels (HotelID, HotelName, LocationID, Phone) Primary Key (HotelID), Foreign Key (LocationID) References Location (LocationID) TravelPackage (TravelPackageID, Description, PackageAmount, DatePkgIssued, DatePkgExpired, DepartingDate, ReturnDate) Primary Key (TravelPackageID) Airline (AirlineID, AirlineName, DepartureLocationID, DestinationLocationID, FlightID, DateOfDeparture, DateOfArrival, CabinClass, AirlineCharges) Primary Key (RestaurantID), Foreign Key (DepartureLocationID) References Location (LocationID), Foreign Key (DestinationLocationID) References Location (LocationID), Foreign Key (FlightID) References Flight (FlightID) TravelBooking (TravelID, DepartureDate, ArrivalDate, OverallTravelAmount, CustomerID, StaffID, CompanyID, NumAdult, NumChild) Primary Key (TravelID), Foreign Key (CustomerID) References Customer (CustomerID), Foreign Key (StaffID) References Staff (StaffID), Foreign Key (CompanyID) References Company (CompanyID) TravellingDetails (TravelPackageID, AirlineID, TravelID) Primary Key (TravelPackageID, AirlineID, TravelID), Foreign Key (TravelPackageID) References TravelPackage (TravelPackageID), Foreign Key (AirlineID) References Airline (AirlineID), Foreign Key (TravelID) References TravelBooking (TravelID) StayAt (HotelID, TravelID, TravelPackageID) Primary Key (TravelPackageID, AirlineID, TravelID), Foreign Key (TravelPackageID) References TravelPackage (TravelPackageID), Foreign Key (HotelID) References Hotels (HotelID), Foreign Key (TravelID) References TravelBooking (TravelID) Invoice (InvoiceID, InvoiceDate, TravelPackageAmount, IsAmountPaid, TravelID, CustomerID) Primary Key (InvoiceID), Foreign Key (TravelID) References TravelBooking (TravelID), Foreign Key (CustomerID) References Customer (CustomerID) Database Schema: DROP TABLE IF EXISTS CustomerType ; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS CustomerType ( CustomerTypeID INT NOT NULL, CustomerTypeName VARCHAR(45) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (CustomerTypeID)); -- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Table Company -- ----------------------------------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS Company ; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Company ( CompanyID INT NOT NULL, CompanyName VARCHAR(45) NOT NULL, Address VARCHAR(60) NOT NULL, Phone VARCHAR(15) NOT NULL, Fax VARCHAR(15) NOT NULL, Email VARCHAR(45) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (CompanyID)); -- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Table Customer -- ----------------------------------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS Customer ; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Customer ( CustomerID INT NOT NULL, FirstName VARCHAR(25) NOT NULL, LastName VARCHAR(25) NOT NULL, Address VARCHAR(60) NOT NULL, City VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL, State VARCHAR(3) NOT NULL, Mobile VARCHAR(15) NOT NULL, PostCode INT NOT NULL, Email VARCHAR(45) NOT NULL, CustomerTypeID INT NOT NULL, CompanyID INT NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (CustomerID), INDEX fk_Customer_CustomerType_idx (CustomerTypeID ASC), INDEX fk_Customer_Company1_idx (CompanyID ASC), CONSTRAINT fk_Customer_CustomerType FOREIGN KEY (CustomerTypeID) REFERENCES CustomerType (CustomerTypeID) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, CONSTRAINT fk_Customer_Company1 FOREIGN KEY (CompanyID) REFERENCES Company (CompanyID) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION); -- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Table Staff -- ----------------------------------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS Staff ; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Staff ( StaffID INT NOT NULL, StaffName VARCHAR(45) NOT NULL, Address VARCHAR(60) NOT NULL, Phone VARCHAR(15) NOT NULL, Email VARCHAR(45) NOT NULL, CompanyID INT NOT NULL, SupervisorID INT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (StaffID), INDEX fk_Staff_Company1_idx (CompanyID ASC), INDEX fk_Staff_Staff1_idx (SupervisorID ASC), CONSTRAINT fk_Staff_Company1 FOREIGN KEY (CompanyID) REFERENCES Company (CompanyID) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, CONSTRAINT fk_Staff_Staff1 FOREIGN KEY (SupervisorID) REFERENCES Staff (StaffID) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION); -- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Table VIPStatus -- ----------------------------------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS VIPStatus ; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS VIPStatus ( VIPStatusID INT NOT NULL, VIPStatusName VARCHAR(45) NOT NULL, DiscountPtge FLOAT NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (VIPStatusID)); -- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Table VIP -- ----------------------------------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS VIP ; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS VIP ( CustomerID INT NOT NULL, VIPStatusID INT NOT NULL, INDEX fk_VIP_Customer1_idx (CustomerID ASC), INDEX fk_VIP_VIPStatus1_idx (VIPStatusID ASC), PRIMARY KEY (CustomerID), CONSTRAINT fk_VIP_Customer1 FOREIGN KEY (CustomerID) REFERENCES Customer (CustomerID) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, CONSTRAINT fk_VIP_VIPStatus1 FOREIGN KEY (VIPStatusID) REFERENCES VIPStatus (VIPStatusID) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION); -- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Table FrequentFlyer -- ----------------------------------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FrequentFlyer ; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS FrequentFlyer ( CustomerID INT NOT NULL, FFDiscount FLOAT NOT NULL, INDEX fk_FrequentFlyer_Customer1_idx (CustomerID ASC), PRIMARY KEY (CustomerID), CONSTRAINT fk_FrequentFlyer_Customer1 FOREIGN KEY (CustomerID) REFERENCES Customer (CustomerID) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION); -- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Table Location -- ----------------------------------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS Location ; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Location ( LocationID INT NOT NULL, LocationName VARCHAR(45) NOT NULL, City VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL, State VARCHAR(3) NOT NULL, PostCode INT NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (LocationID)); -- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Table Flight -- ----------------------------------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS Flight ; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Flight ( FlightID INT NOT NULL, FlightName VARCHAR(45) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (FlightID)); -- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Table Hotels -- ----------------------------------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS Hotels ; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Hotels ( HotelID INT NOT NULL, HotelName VARCHAR(45) NOT NULL, Phone VARCHAR(15) NOT NULL, Location_LocationID INT NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (HotelID), INDEX fk_Hotels_Location1_idx (Location_LocationID ASC), CONSTRAINT fk_Hotels_Location1 FOREIGN KEY (Location_LocationID) REFERENCES Location (LocationID) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION); -- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Table TravelPackage -- ----------------------------------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS TravelPackage ; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS TravelPackage ( TravelPackageID INT NOT NULL, Description VARCHAR(60) NOT NULL, PackageAmount FLOAT NOT NULL, DatePkgIssued DATE NOT NULL, DatePkgExpired DATE NOT NULL, DepartingDate DATE NOT NULL, ReturnDate DATE NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (TravelPackageID)); -- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Table Airline -- ----------------------------------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS Airline ; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Airline ( AirlineID INT NOT NULL, AirlineName VARCHAR(45) NOT NULL, DateOfDeparture DATE NOT NULL, DateOfArrival DATE NULL, CabinClass VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL, AirlineCharges FLOAT NOT NULL, DepartureLocationID INT NOT NULL, DestinationLocationID INT NOT NULL, FlightID INT NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (AirlineID), INDEX fk_Airline_Location1_idx (DepartureLocationID ASC), INDEX fk_Airline_Location2_idx (DestinationLocationID ASC), INDEX fk_Airline_Flight1_idx (FlightID ASC), CONSTRAINT fk_Airline_Location1 FOREIGN KEY (DepartureLocationID) REFERENCES Location (LocationID) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, CONSTRAINT fk_Airline_Location2 FOREIGN KEY (DestinationLocationID) REFERENCES Location (LocationID) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, CONSTRAINT fk_Airline_Flight1 FOREIGN KEY (FlightID) REFERENCES Flight (FlightID) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION); -- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Table TravelBooking -- ----------------------------------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS TravelBooking ; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS TravelBooking ( TravelID INT NOT NULL, DepartureDate DATE NOT NULL, ArrivalDate DATE NOT NULL, OverallTravelAmount FLOAT NOT NULL, NumAdult INT NOT NULL, NumChild INT NOT NULL, CustomerID INT NOT NULL, StaffID INT NOT NULL, CompanyID INT NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (TravelID), INDEX fk_TravelBooking_Customer1_idx (CustomerID ASC), INDEX fk_TravelBooking_Staff1_idx (StaffID ASC), INDEX fk_TravelBooking_Company1_idx (CompanyID ASC), CONSTRAINT fk_TravelBooking_Customer1 FOREIGN KEY (CustomerID) REFERENCES Customer (CustomerID) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, CONSTRAINT fk_TravelBooking_Staff1 FOREIGN KEY (StaffID) REFERENCES Staff (StaffID) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, CONSTRAINT fk_TravelBooking_Company1 FOREIGN KEY (CompanyID) REFERENCES Company (CompanyID) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION); -- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Table TravellingDetails -- ----------------------------------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS TravellingDetails ; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS TravellingDetails ( TravelID INT NOT NULL, TravelPackageID INT NOT NULL, AirlineID INT NOT NULL, INDEX fk_TravellingDetails_TravelBooking1_idx (TravelID ASC), INDEX fk_TravellingDetails_TravelPackage1_idx (TravelPackageID ASC), INDEX fk_TravellingDetails_Airline1_idx (AirlineID ASC), PRIMARY KEY (TravelID, TravelPackageID, AirlineID), CONSTRAINT fk_TravellingDetails_TravelBooking1 FOREIGN KEY (TravelID) REFERENCES TravelBooking (TravelID) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, CONSTRAINT fk_TravellingDetails_TravelPackage1 FOREIGN KEY (TravelPackageID) REFERENCES TravelPackage (TravelPackageID) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, CONSTRAINT fk_TravellingDetails_Airline1 FOREIGN KEY (AirlineID) REFERENCES Airline (AirlineID) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION); -- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Table StayAt -- ----------------------------------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS StayAt ; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS StayAt ( HotelID INT NOT NULL, TravelID INT NOT NULL, TravelPackageID INT NOT NULL, INDEX fk_StayAt_Hotels1_idx (HotelID ASC), INDEX fk_StayAt_TravelBooking1_idx (TravelID ASC), INDEX fk_StayAt_TravelPackage1_idx (TravelPackageID ASC), PRIMARY KEY (HotelID, TravelID, TravelPackageID), CONSTRAINT fk_StayAt_Hotels1 FOREIGN KEY (HotelID) REFERENCES Hotels (HotelID) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, CONSTRAINT fk_StayAt_TravelBooking1 FOREIGN KEY (TravelID) REFERENCES TravelBooking (TravelID) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, CONSTRAINT fk_StayAt_TravelPackage1 FOREIGN KEY (TravelPackageID) REFERENCES TravelPackage (TravelPackageID) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION); -- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Table Invoice -- ----------------------------------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS Invoice ; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Invoice ( InvoiceID INT NOT NULL, InvoiceDate DATE NOT NULL, TravelPackageAmount FLOAT NOT NULL, IsAmountPaid VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL, TravelID INT NOT NULL, CustomerID INT NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (InvoiceID), INDEX fk_Invoice_TravelBooking1_idx (TravelID ASC), INDEX fk_Invoice_Customer1_idx (CustomerID ASC), CONSTRAINT fk_Invoice_TravelBooking1 FOREIGN KEY (TravelID) REFERENCES TravelBooking (TravelID) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, CONSTRAINT fk_Invoice_Customer1 FOREIGN KEY (CustomerID) REFERENCES Customer (CustomerID) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);

Thomas Jefferson Essay On Architecture Example For Students

Thomas Jefferson Essay On Architecture Book Review on Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson by Norman Risjord is a biography of the third president of the United States that takes Thomas Jefferson from his youth through his later years in the early 19th century. The purpose of this book is to give a political and social overview of the Thomas Jeffersons life and career. It was written for both the student of American history and the casual reader interested in the genesis of the United States government, seen through the eyes of one of its founding fathers. The value of this book is that it shows that Jefferson was not a saint, yet he was one of the most intelligent presidents that the country has ever had. Risjord has given the book great value because he has framed Jefferson among his peers. Consequently, the book truly comes to life, and the reader is able to learn about Jefferson as well as his contemporaries James Madison, John Marshall, and John Adams. We will write a custom essay on Thomas Jefferson On Architecture specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The scope of the book is all-inclusive. Risjord begins with Jeffersons birth on April 13, 1743 on his fathers plantation, Shadwell, in Goochland County on the western edge. The narrative continues on to show Jefferson graduating from William and Mary College, then entering politics in Virginians House of Burgesses in 1769. Jefferson married Martha Skelton on New Years Day, 1772. With the Virginia legislature from 1776 to 1779, Jefferson formed the groundwork for abolition of entail and primogeniture, for the establishment of religious freedom, and not for the public school system. Jefferson was of course the author of the Declaration of Independence, and because he had set this document in motion, he waited out the Revolutionary War to see if the colonies would win. If they had lost, Jefferson would have been hanged for treason against the King of England. He served as the minister to France from 1785 to 1789. At this time there was growing opposition to Alexander Hamilton and his policies, and Jefferson associated himself with a group called the Republicans, who were actually forerunners to the present Democratic Party. While Jefferson was serving as vice President from 1797 to 1801, he drafted the Kentucky Resolutions. He was elected President following a long deadlock with Aaron Burr in the House of Representatives. This happened mainly because Alexander Hamilton considered Burr the more dangerous man and he gave his support to Jefferson. Jeffersons election was a great victory for the democratic forces, but it was black Tuesday to the thousands of Federalists who believed that the Republican leader was an atheistic anarchist who feared that his administration would be that of a bloodyhanded revolutionist. Jefferson was the first President to be inaugurated in Washington, a city that he had helped to plan. He became famous for the republican simplicity that he established there. During his first administration he achieved the Louisiana Purchase and oversaw the Lewis and Clark Expedition. During his second administration, Jefferson tried to enforce such measures as the Embargo Act of 1807, even though this brought a great deal of opposition. Once he retired from public life, Jefferson moved back to his beloved Monticello. It was at this time that he founded the University of Virginia and continued his activities as a scientist, architect, and philosopher-statesman. In his later years, Jefferson wrote about his view of the future, when he saw that the people would be enlightened by free education. Under a forward thinking democratic-republican institution, the people could govern themselves better than under any other system. His friend James Madison evoked these words when Jefferson died on the Forth of July in 1826. He lives and will live in the memory and gratitude of the wise and of the good, as luminary of Science, as a votary of liberty, as a model of patriotism, and as a benefactor of human kind. .u05325e9fddfaf60bc9828f117c8f86fb , .u05325e9fddfaf60bc9828f117c8f86fb .postImageUrl , .u05325e9fddfaf60bc9828f117c8f86fb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u05325e9fddfaf60bc9828f117c8f86fb , .u05325e9fddfaf60bc9828f117c8f86fb:hover , .u05325e9fddfaf60bc9828f117c8f86fb:visited , .u05325e9fddfaf60bc9828f117c8f86fb:active { border:0!important; } .u05325e9fddfaf60bc9828f117c8f86fb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u05325e9fddfaf60bc9828f117c8f86fb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u05325e9fddfaf60bc9828f117c8f86fb:active , .u05325e9fddfaf60bc9828f117c8f86fb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u05325e9fddfaf60bc9828f117c8f86fb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u05325e9fddfaf60bc9828f117c8f86fb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u05325e9fddfaf60bc9828f117c8f86fb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u05325e9fddfaf60bc9828f117c8f86fb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u05325e9fddfaf60bc9828f117c8f86fb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u05325e9fddfaf60bc9828f117c8f86fb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u05325e9fddfaf60bc9828f117c8f86fb .u05325e9fddfaf60bc9828f117c8f86fb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u05325e9fddfaf60bc9828f117c8f86fb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Aztecs (1473 words) EssayThe style is controversial and the book offers insights into Jeffersons psychology as well as historical data. Risjord does well by his chapter headings, as they divide Jeffersons life into Vice President and President etc. And so they provide easy access. The Book Reports

Soul Food flim analysis Essays

Soul Food flim analysis Essays Soul Food flim analysis Paper Soul Food flim analysis Paper Throughout this film learning life lessons and how significant it is to cherish family is important This is a comedy, romance film with a whole lot of drama. Big Mama Joe, acted by Irma P. Hall, is one of the main characters in this film, shes the rock that keeps theses family to getter; as she said in this quote, One finger pointing the blame, dont make no impact, but you b all up all me fingers into a mighty fist, and you can strike a mighty blow, and this family has got to be that fist. (Irma p. Hall). George Italian Jar the writer and director based this film on his own life experience of a closeness family (Italian). Soul Food argues that not all Africanizing alms have to be about negative situations, they can have a positive perspective e, and be about the importance of cherishing families. Soul Food is a film that wants to show the add mince the importance of cherishing family. 1 OF 7 is full Of captivating special moments involving delicious soul food. The wonder rueful part about this film is that it never falls into monotonous moments; all of the scenes are very Perez 2 intriguing. Even though in some parts it gives you forewarning that something regretful later in the film is going to happen, but that is what makes this film more interesting. This is a great storytelling film that talks about the importance of family. As critic Frederic m mentioned, An African American drama about the importance of ritual in holding families tog ether, (Frederic and Mary Ann Breast). Overall this review epitomizes the point of this film, b cause in the film they want to keep the longed tradition alive, and all Mad wants is for the family to stick together. What George Italian Jar is trying to argue in this film, is that not all Ai recriminate films have to be about negativity: they can have a bigger meaning. He wants t do something positive to reach out to the audience about an African American family going t wrought rough times, but still tries to remain strong. All the scenes in this film are well put to getter, so there is not going to be a time where the film has got away from the point It is trying t o make. All the actors are very well played, and it is very clear that the actors know who the p errors is their playing. The organization of this film was well put together, it does not start in the pas t, but Mad tells stories of how they spent their Sunday dinners, and how everyone came down from all over for the holidays. This film has a very good beginning, a heartbreaking yet intriguing middle, and a powerful and beautiful ending. As the film begins, Mad intro educes the actors to the audience; as the setting took place at Birds, and Elms wedding which is A whams aunt and his new uncle. I think the setting is very significant to the beginning of this film , because all Of the main characters are together celebrating; and It made the setting perfect I miming to introduce the main characters. Big Mama Joe plays a very huge part in this movie, and try SE to keep the peace in the Joseph family as Mad said, She always knows how to set thing s right. Perez 3 (Mad). A longed tradition started down in Mississippi, and Big Mama Joe kept the tradition of eating soul food dinner every Sunday when she moved to Chicago with her husband. Soul food dinner was a chance for the whole family to enjoy themselves, and t heir meals while sharing their ecstasy and sorrows. Mad has learned from Big Mama Joe that t, Its on e of the things thats missing from Africanizing families nowadays. (Irma p. Hall). All of this is explicate through the point of view of Mad. Mad dispenses the film with a positive attitude, expresses the emotional part of this film, and shows wisdom. When Sunday dinners would come around, there was always a lot of hostility between the two sisters Term acted by Vicar A. Fox, and Maxine acted by Vanessa Lynn Williams. Term is the most cultivated, and oldest. She became a successful lawyer with the tend once of letting people know that she pays for everything its an attempt to make her sister Jew aloes. Term is married to Miles, he is acted by Michael Anthony Beach, Miles wants to pursue his dreams, and do music as a fulfillment job. Term wants what is best, and wants him to keep his b as an attorney, so they can make twice the money, but Miles is not very happy about it. The o only person that seems to care about Miles music was Faith acted by Gina Ravel, she comes e earlier in the film. She is Big Mama Joeys niece and like people said she is huge trouble. Maxine i s the second oldest, she gave up school at the age of nineteen, and is the strongest out of he three daughters. In reality Term is jealous of the basic life Maxine odors and Ammines beatific re kinship with Kenny acted by Jeffrey D. Sam, which was Titers exhibitioner back in the day. They would say Maxine stole Kenny from Term, and since then they have not got along. This is where the most tension is in the family. As drama and arguments enter Big Mama Joe would Sways know how to put a stop to it. The youngest daughter is Serene, who is nicknamed Bird, ND is acted by Nina Perez 4 Long she stays out of the drama that goes in between her sisters. She is very inexperienced, and is always trying to make smart choices but does not really know how, so she test herself into a ad situation. Bird is married to Elm acted by Meeker Third prefer which was a drug dealer before, and did some time in prison. Elm tries to be a responsible husband, ND take care of his responsibilities, but when Bird tries to help it does not end well. He feels that his manhood is taken away from him. As the film enters into a heartbreaking stage the family has to stay strong for Big Mama Joe. The family starts breaking apart over a small argument that happened be teen Term, and Maxine, that they themselves can not fix. Mad the young narrator of this if m brings a lot to is presentation, honesty, love, and strength. His facial expressions explain TTY e way he feels throughout this film, and gives you an idea about what he is going say next. A wham plays two roles; you primarily see the film in Mad the narrators eyes; so it is like you re seeing the movie through the eyes of the narrator. It gives you a feel bayou being part o the film, and the ability to understand the way the narrator feels, and the things that he expert encase. An unanticipated meaningful moment suddenly happens, while Mad is taking a ride in Elms truck. While talking Mad finds a gun in the glove compartment Of Elms t KC; this is a presage of something to happen. Mad knows something is yet to come, he gives Elm a little advice, Big Mama always tells me you have to love yourself, (Mad) remarks. Maybe you should try that. (Mad). The really big picture behind is best explained by the food itself. As Big Mama Joe said in this film, Soul food cooking is BBC t cooking from the heart. (Big Mama Joe). It is about being thankful for what you have; and bout you appreciating your family, also about showing appreciation about what gets t aught to the table. Perez 5 Mad has been giving the job Of bringing the family together, as he takes TTL e footsteps of his grandmother. The family was at their breaking point, and Mad was the or hope that could bring the family together. Overall, George Italian Jar succeeds in fulfilling the meaning of this film. After watching this film it makes you realize the true image that Italian is trying to show an reach out to you with. Italian intentions were to say that an Africanizing film can be bas d on something positive, instead of something negative. This film is really worth seeing, it tall bout real life situations, and played by the actors that truly understand these people. As t p critic Kevin Thomas said, Italian drew inspiration from his own Milwaukee family, his E loved grandmother in particular. Humor, sentiment and melodrama strike a Balkan e as he brings to life nine major characters and a host of others as well. (Kevin Thomas). We folly w these characters through the rough times, and good times, through their laughs, fights, cries, ND struggles, but most importantly the love of life. Perez 6 Work Cited Soul Food . Dir. George Italian Jar. Per.

Analyze the physiological and psychological reactions to stress Essay

Analyze the physiological and psychological reactions to stress - Essay Example No matter what the intensity of stress, its victim reacts to it physically and emotionally. This paper is going to elaborate: Physiological reactions to stress include high blood pressure, gastrointestinal problems, fluctuations in the chemical composition of body fluids, insomnia, addiction to smoking or alcoholism, and other illnesses. Individuals are apt to show different levels of these physiological responses to a particular stressor (Koslowsky, 1998, p. 90). When an individual is undergoing a stressor, such as, being jammed up in traffic when an exam is going to start in a few minutes, an increased heart rate occurs as a stress-response due to the discharge of certain hormones, like adrenaline and cortisol, into the blood. The individual’s respiratory system takes in extra oxygen. Blood gets thickened and is directed more toward imperative muscles which become tightened in preparation for some unexpected action. When the individual comes out of the stressor, heart rate reduces allowing blood to come to its normal constitution and hormone level gets down to normal. All of these physiological stress-reactions are not independent. These depend on psychological responses, that is, orders given by the nervous system or the sensors of the body. When an individual senses that he is in stress, his brain sends orders through neurons or nerve cells to different parts of the body which brings about changes in the physiology. The individual jammed in traffic senses that he is in great stress, his nervous system accepts these signals and passes them over to the neurons which make the body function accordingly. He tends to be irritable and there is an intense startling response. Another psychological reaction is suffering through nightmares and repeated thoughts or flashbacks about the stressor. Under a stressor like the death of a relative, the psychological responses may include getting shocked,

Magazines Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Magazines - Essay Example At the same time, there are books that the article included in its roster of evidences to show why people behave in a routinely phenomenon. One thing that cannot be denied is that the article implicitly denotes that advertising has become a tool to change the attitude of people. However, there is still an inclusion of certain habits that cannot be denied to have been crucial due to its negative effects. One thing to consider is that there is not enough justification present in the article to debunk the main arguments and impositions about certain behavioural occurrences. Relatively, no evidence was presented. However, it cannot be denied that upon reading the article, the author is indeed convincing as habits have diverted to something that has to deal with wellness despite of the negativities present. This can be considered pivotal as marketing and advertising has reluctantly fulfilled its role to change people’s mindset and perceptions about personal hygiene and care. At the same, he has called for a more responsible attitude towards people habits to avoid possible complications that may occur along the process. Hence, the article is commendable. Upon stumbling with the article about a priest who has been allegedly accused to have been molesting children, it has come to my attention that there are certain things that must be delved into further to show the public about the gravity of the act, the circumstances of it and the recourse of action to make the criminal accountable. I find it, personally, to be jam – packed into a very short one without careful deliberation of what the public must really know. This is not just a matter of exposing the wrong act behind it but also making the people know what are intricacies surrounding the case. It is not enough that a due process is happening as mentioned. It is important to make the journalists accountable to the public that it must serve. I have noticed that there are lapses and

Variable compression ratio

Variable compression ratio CHAPTER 1 BACKGROUND THEORY OF ENGINES 1.1 VARIABLE COMPRESSION RATIO (VCR) ENGINE 1.1.1 INTRODUCTION TO VARIABLE COMPRESSION RATIO ENGINE Variable Compression Ratio (VCR) is a system which is used to adjust the compression ratios of the internal combustion engine. In simple terms, it changes the combustion chamber size of the cylinder according to various different operating conditions such as speed, load, acceleration and torque. Car emissions and fuel economy are two challenges for the automotive sector in which VCR engine is a very decent technology approaching low fuel consumption and pollutant emission reduction. The car manufacturers have to look forward for more thermally efficient and less polluting engine. In present world the automotive sector spends over millions of dollars for approaching low emission as well as low fuel consumption cars. Various different ways are been discovered such as hybrid cars, fuel cell cars, solar cars and many more as future development. VCR engine would practically prove to be boon for automotive sector (Evolution Perspectives). The Fixed Compression Ratio (FCR) engine has a fixed compression ratio without any kind of change in the size of the combustion chamber in cylinder. The FCR engines have high emissions due to the fact that when it comes to high speed or load, FCR use more fuel which produces more emissions but VCR engine provides increase in the fuel efficiency under varying loads and speed. Most of the cars used recently are Spark plug (SI) or diesel Ignition engines. The different ways the SI engine can increase its efficiency is by higher compression ratio, reducing throttle losses, low friction, variable timing valve and down-sizing. The concept of VCR engine significantly contributes its benefits to thermo-dynamic efficiency. The concept of the VCR is that it continuously operates at different compression ratio as per the need of the performance. The change in the combustion chamber volume continuously takes place with the varying in the compression ratio. Therefore the thermodynamic advantages are been encountered through the engine map. At low level of power, VCR engine drives at higher compression ratio which can capture high fuel efficiency and at the high power levels the VCR engine runs at low compression ratio to prevent knocking. Unlikely as FCR engine, the VCR engine keeps the engine temperature more or less at the optimum with high combustion efficiency. It tends to keep high power at the same engine dimensions (Amjad Shaik, 2007). 1.1.2 ADVANTAGES OF VCR ENGINE Today the â€Å"environmental safety† is a very big issue which is been concerned by many industries throughout the world. When it comes to the automobile sector, due to high ethical measures they have high amount of responsibility towards environment. All car manufacturing industry are targeting eco-friendly vehicles and down-sizing engine which can lead to the better living environment. In this case VCR engine has many improvements and benefits over FCR engine. All that is possible by the VCR is not been possible by FCR engine in terms of power output as well as overall efficiency. Some remarkable evaluation perspectives of VCR engine: Compression ratio adjustment does not allow â€Å"knocking†, and allows extreme torque and specific power with great driving conditions. At part loads the VCR engine functions under high compression ratio (up to 16:1 or 17:1) which provides better fuel efficiency compared to FCR engine. By retaining in best combination between Ignition advance and compression ratio, VCR engine reduces emission pollutant even under extreme supercharging pressure. VCR engine tends to keep the thermodynamic temperature of the engine low compared to FCR by working under preferable compression ratio range and avoid engine heating. It permits increasing load-speed range which can result to effectiveness in lean-mixtures. The temperature and pressure controls which can permit combustions under ultra-lean mixtures and to set the auto-ignition timing precisely. The overall efficiency of the vehicle increases with pleasant driving conditions. 1.1.3 EXISTING VCR ENGINE CARS Today, in automobile sector there are various different companies who are spending billions of dollars on the green car. The aim to keep the environment clean need the cars to lower down their emission and the car manufacturers are spending major of their finance on the research and development. The company are developing no. of different ways that can help them to minimise the car emissions and hence make an eco-friendly car. Honda Company Ltd; has shown some documents to the World Congress unfolding their development in the recent times when it comes to variable compression ratio engine. They are developing a compact VCR model which will use inertia force of the piston to switch the compression ratio between high and low stages (Concept: Honda RD Developing Variable Compression Ratio Engine with Dual Piston Mechanism, 2009). Secondly SAAB has approached to make a very innovative and efficient VCR engine. At Geneva Motor Show, SAAB had reviled its VCR model which is called as the SVC (Saab Variable Compression) engine. The new innovative concept was more fuel efficient and the concept was totally new. The performance of the engine was far better than before with combination of reduced engine displacement and unique system of variable compression ratio enabling the engine to be more powerful and efficient than before. The fuel consumption of the car is reduced by 30% while the carbon emissions reduced as well. The CO, NOx and HC emission will meet all the future regulations (Saab Variable, 2008). The SVC engine system would not allow any kind of external or internal friction to the engine under operation which can tend to increase losses. The engine combustion chamber would not be detoriate by any kind of system interference (Miller, 2001). Nissan has been developing a kind of piston-crank mechanism by the help of which the system to enable the variable compression ratio of the engine, unlike the static compression ratio which was taking place as the other cars. The system optimises the engine rpm with the compression ratio and can easily vary with the car driving speed which results in optimum combustion all time and raising output and fuel economy (Nissan). This all information really conveys that the automotive sector is keenly looking forward for various ways and innovative mechanism which can prove to be boon for the future car market as well as eco-friendly environment. 1.2 FIXED COMPRESSION RATIO (FCR) ENGINE 1.2.1 INTRODUCTION TO FIXED COMPRESSION RATIO ENGINE A fixed compression ratio engine is a normal engine which recent cars have. The compression ratio of the combustion chamber remains the same throughout the operation. Particularly they do not have any disadvantages but when we compare it with the VCR engine than they have high fuel consumption as well as emissions. An engine is the main component of the car on which the major amount of car efficiency is depended. The major number of cars on the road is fuel cars, gasoline or diesel cars. The function of car engine is to convert the fuel (gasoline) into motion by which the car moves. The car is running through fuel combustion, so the engines are known as Internal Combustion Engines. It is known as Internal Combustion Engine because it consists of a combustion chamber in which the combustion of fuel occur using oxidiser, usually air. (Brain, 2010). 1.2.2 FOUR-STROKE INTERNAL COMBUSTION (I.C) ENGINE The four stroke engine consists of four different strokes- Intake stroke Compression stroke Combustion stroke Exhaust stroke The Piston moves downwards form the top dead centre (TDC) to the bottom dead centre (BDC) reducing the pressure inside the cylinder. Suction phenomenon takes place where the mixture of fuel and air is forced to get in to the cylinder through the intake port for future combustion process. The intake valve is open in intake stroke where the exhaust valve is closed. As soon as intake stroke completes the intake valve closes down. 2. COMPRESSION STROKE Compression stroke is the second stroke of the combustion process. In combustion process the inlet and the exhaust both the valves remain close. The piston is moves upwards to the top dead centre of the cylinder to compress the air-fuel mixture. This makes an explosion in the cylinder and helps the combustion to take place. This complete stroke is known as the compression stroke. 3. EXPANSION STROKE Expansion stroke is also known as the power stroke. In this stroke both intake and exhaust valve remain close. When the piston is at the top dead centre, the ignition takes place in the combustion chamber usually with the help of spark plug. The air-fuel mixture ignites and results in to massive pressure and this pressure drives the piston back to the bottom dead centre with a huge force. This complete stroke is called the power stroke because at this stroke of the whole cycle the power erupts and engines torque is able to drive the car. Power stroke is the most important stroke of the complete cycle in which the ignition takes place leading to power to the engine. 4. EXHAUST STROKE Exhaust Stroke is the final stroke of the cycle. In this stroke the inlet valve remains closed and the exhaust valve opens. The piston which is at the bottom dead centre once again goes to the top dead centre position while the valve is open. The action helps to though out the product of the combustion from the cylinder outside through help of the exhaust pipe. With the completion of the exhaust valve the completion of the combustion cycle takes place. (Brain, 2010) 1.3 COMPRESSION RATIO The Compression Ratio of an internal combustion engine is the ratio of the volume of the combustion chamber when the piston is at the bottom dead centre position divided by the volume of the combustion chamber when piston is at the full compression position. In simple terms it is also known as the swept volume (Compression ratio, 2010). The compression ratio of an engine should be higher. Higher the compression ratio, the engine is able to extract more energy form the given mass of the air-fuel mixture because of the higher amount of thermal efficiency. The increase in the power takes place at the moment of ignition and more net work can be achieved by expanding the hot gases at a greater degree. There is major disadvantage while keeping the compression ratio higher is that make the gasoline engine subjected to engine knocking. In technical terms it is also known as detonation. It is mainly caused by using poor quality fuel. Detonation can cause the engine to reduce its overall efficiency, damage the engine parts and even can result to engine failure. CR = compression ratio Vd = displacement volume Vcv = clearance volume CR = Displacement Volume+Clearance VolumeClearance Volume Compression Ratio = Vd+ VcvVcv CHAPTER 2 DESCRIPTION OF VCR PROTOTYPE MODEL 2.1 DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING VCR PROTOTYPE The variable compression ratio prototype is already been made by the previous student working. The driving mechanism is well made and is practically operational. The mechanism is very simple. The driving mechanism of the prototype is just an understanding of the overall system and helps to analyse different moving parts. The modifications been done are on the way the system has to be driven. The mechanism was been driven manually or by using an electric motor. The system has to be modified and designed to be driven pneumatically. The complete prototype helps to demonstrate the complete system visually. The theoretical part of the VCR is a bit more complicated, so the visual model really focuses and gives a very clear idea about the whole mechanism as well individual parts. The mechanism shows the rotating shaft motion conversion to the linear motion of the piston-cylinder mechanism driven manually, electrically or pneumatic sources. The variable compression mechanism is been attached to the system by which the angles of connecting rod lever can be changed which helps to change the travel length of the piston in the cylinder. The change in piston travel length tends to change the swept volume which is technically known as the compression ratio. The mechanism is designed is a way that the compression ratio can be changed easily any time even when the system is running. The angle of eccentric adjustment is given a range from 0 ° to 60 ° where it can change compression ratio to certain extends. 2.2 WORKING PRINCIPLE OF VCR PROTOTYPE The working of the prototype is very simple. The working principle is that the angular motion of the shaft is been converted in to the linear motion of the piston-cylinder. A simple mechanism of the variable compression ratio is adjoined to the overall system. The variable compression ratio mechanism in the system allows the driving mechanism to change various angles by help of which the length of the stroke of piston changes which can change the overall swept volume. Hence the change in swept volume results in the variation in compression ratio. NOTE: The figure shows the working principle of the prototype by giving more knowledge about the moving parts and their connection. Detailed drawing is been given further in the report. The driving mechanism consists of various different moving parts as described in the part list. The extension shaft rotates at an angle of 360 ° which results to one to and fro motion of the piston. Once the extension shaft rotates, the motion is been transferred to the Crank shaft. The crank shaft transfers the motion to the eccentric journal bearing through the help of connecting rod and lever. At that position the angle of the eccentric mechanism decided the length of stroke of piston. This motion hence results into linear motion of the piston-cylinder mechanism by help of sliding mechanism connection. The piston than moves and completes a two stroke cycle by one revolution of shaft. 2.3 MOTION TRANSFER STUDY A simple overview of the motion transfer from one part of mechanism to the other is been shown. DRIVING SOURCE ROTATING SHAFT CONNECTING ROD MOTION ECCENTRIC JOURNAL BEARING MOTION SLIDING MECHANISM CONNECTION LINEAR MOTION OF PISTON-CYLINDER 2.4 PART LIST OF PROTOTYPE MODEL PART LIST OF VCR DRIVING MECHANISM Part No. Part Name Quantity 1 Cylinder Head 1 2 Cylinder Block 1 3 Piston 1 4 Roller Bearing 3 5 Sliding Mechanism Connection 1 6 Eccentric Journal Bearing 2 7 Connection Rod Lever 1 8 Connection Rod 1 9 Crank Shaft 1 10 Crank Shaft Mounting 1 11 Extension Shaft 1 12 Nut Bolt 12 NOTE: The above part list is made on the basis of the system without any sort of driving mechanism modifications. The source of driving is manually which helps us to analyse the movement of prototype parts and is simple understanding of the mechanism. 2.5 COMPONENT MATERIAL SELECTION The variable compression ratio prototype is overall well designed. The completely prototype is a compact model and has an appropriate function. The mechanism of VCR is well managed when it comes to design part. The design is kept simple and easy to understand. The assembly of all components is done in a way that it is easy to disassemble and individual moving parts can be analysed. It is clear that the system is a complete assembly of many working parts. There are lots of parts which are been assembled using welding, or by using nuts and bolts. Some of the parts are been manufactured in the laboratory and some are been obtained from the suppliers due to time and material constraints. The parts which are been obtained directly from the dealer: Connecting Rod Roller Bearings Crank Shaft Connecting Rod Lever Eccentric Bearing Nuts and Bolts The parts which are been manufactured in the laboratory: Piston Cylinder Block Prototype foundation (wooden base) Extension Shaft (Attached to electric motor) Supporting bars for assembly COMPONENT AND THEIR MATERIAL Part No. Part Name Material 1 Cylinder Head Plastic 2 Cylinder Block Plastic 3 Piston Plastic 4 Roller Bearing Plastic 5 Sliding Mechanism Connection Steel 6 Eccentric Journal Bearing Steel 7 Connection Rod Lever Forged Steel 8 Connection Rod Forged Steel 9 Crank Shaft Forged Steel 10 Crank Shaft Mounting Aluminium 11 Extension Shaft Cast Iron 12 Nut Bolt Mild Steel Material Selection Criteria As we can see the material been used in the prototype are metals and have high resistivity to high temperature and external or internal stresses. They do not have a tendency to deform under small loading conditions which really helps to keep the alignment and working of the prototype without any problems. The components are directly available in the market and it save a lot of time as well as money which can be spending innovating miscellaneous ideas. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VCR PROTOTYPE Every product or its prototype has some positive as well as negative aspects. The positive features are those which favour the users and the negative aspects are those which create some kind of errors or functional faults. POSITIVE CHARACTERISTICS DESIGN The complete system is designed in a way that it is really appreciated. The design is compact, easy to analyse and low weight. Even though the material used in most of the parts is metals but even though the overall prototype does not exceed a lot. Looking at the individual design in detail: The existing VCR prototype consist INTRODUCTION TO PNEMATIC SYSTEM Pneumatic is a branch of technology which enables the pressurised gas to affect mechanical motion. Pneumatic system is the system which helps to pressurise gas and convert the pressure of gas in to mechanical motion. There are many industry which use pneumatic systems for various purposes. The compressor is used to compress air and this force of air is used for the various purposes such as dentistry, construction, automobile, mining and many more. Pneumatic system is basically a fixed system which is installed in factories that have application of compressed air for various purposes. Usually the moisture is been removed from the air and small quantity of oil is been added in it as lubrication to the moving parts. The basic pneumatic system is most efficient when the theoretical calculation prove basic three things: Amount of force applied by the actuator Can that force be able to move the desired load The speed at which the load can be moved Components of Basic Pneumatic System Part A Compressor: The compressor is the main component of all. It is a pump which compresses air. It simply raises the pressure of compressed air and supplies it to the pneumatic system. Part B Check valve: Check valve is simple one way valve. This valve allows the compressed air which is having high pressure to enter the pneumatic system. It does not allow the back flow of air again in to the compressor. Part C Accumulator: Accumulator is known as the storage tank of the system. It stores the compressed air and hence helps to supply it to system as per the requirement and relieves the duty cycle of compressor. Part D Directional Valve: The directional valve gives the direction to the compressed air and controls the flow of air from source to port selected. This can be done manually or might be used sensors or electrically to give better precision. Part E Actuator: Actuator is the device which concerts the force (energy) of compressed air into the mechanical motion. (Elements of Basic Pneumatic system, 2003) Working of Pneumatic system Atmospheric air is been drawn in to the air filter in which the air is been filter. The foreign material, duct particles are been removed and pure air is achieved. The air then passes to the compressor where it gets compressed to a certain required pressure. The vapour and humidity is been removed making air dry and pressurised. Then the air is passed to the reservoir where the pressured air is been stored and can be readily available when required. It is known as accumulator. Many companies tend to compress air in a huge compressor and then store it in different storage reservoirs at different places without any kind of pressure (energy) loss. The pressure development is been depended on the size and capacity of the compressor. There are many safety devices used in the system like valves and sensors which readily help to ensure complete safety of the system. After it is stored in the reservoir it is been used whenever and wherever required using control valve which can help to control the flow of pressurised air and help to use the energy to convert to mechanical motion.

Cacther In The Rye Essay -- essays research papers

JD Salinger, also known as Jerome David Salinger, is an American novelist and short story writer. Critics and readers alike recognize Salinger as one of the most popular and influential writers. His only novel, The Catcher in the Rye, drew such great attention during the fifties and sixties that those years have been called the age of Holden Caulfield (Contemporary Literary Critiscm, Vol. 12). Salinger is a master of contemporary dialect and idiomatic expression. He created in Holden Caulfield a character who became the prototype of alienated adolescence for an entire generation of Americans. The Catcher in the Rye has been banned even recently from a few libraries, schools, and bookstores for the starkness of its language and attitudes and the realism of some of its settings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although Salinger has fallen out of critical favor because of his sentimentality, it is generally agreed that Catcher has yet to be surpassed in its portrayal of the pains and pleasures of a youth searching for love and direction. In all his work Salinger draws upon the experience of his own life. For instance, his parents shared the same backgrounds as do those of his fictive Glass family. An undistinguished student, Salinger flunked out of private high school. His family sent him to Valley Forge Military Academy, the model the Catcher’s Pencey Prep (Contemporary Literary Criticism Vol. 3).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The protagonist of The Catcher in the Rye, Holden Caulfield, is one of these American heroes, but with a significant difference. He seems to be engaged in both sorts of quests at once; he needs to go home and he needs to leave it. Unlike the other American knight errants, Holden seeks Virtue second to love. He wants to be good. When the little children are playing in the rye-field on the clifftop, Holden wants to be the one who catches them before they fall off the cliff. Like these American heroes, Holden is a wanderer, for in order to be good he has to be more of a bad boy than the puritanical Huck could have imagined. Holden has had enough of both Hannibal, Missouri, and the Mississippi; and his tragedy is that when he starts back up the river, he has no place to go- save, of course, a California psychiatrist’s couch (Contemporary Literary Criticism, Vol. 12).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Holden’s quest takes him outside socie... ...oment always becoming a segment of the past. Holden views his life as being in a state of continual change. Since a developed intellect is needed to realize immutable conceptions, and since Holden’s â€Å"thinking† is limited to his sense of the mutability of life, Holden remains trapped within time, unable to recognize anything permanent in human existence (Contemporary Literary Criticism, Vol. 5).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One might conclude by stressing that Holden is talking, not to an analyst, but to you, the reader. Holden is talking directly to anyone who might be as â€Å"troubled morally and spiritually† as Holden was about the nature of this world in which everyone exists. He offers his narration of The Catcher in the Rye as a record of his troubles for anyone who might wish to learn from his experiences. As Mr. Antolini says, â€Å"It’s a beautiful reciprocal arrangement. And it isn’t education. It’s history. It’s poetry.† (Contemporary Literary Criticism, Vol. 12)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Work cited Contemporary Literary Criticism, Vol. 3 Contemporary Literary Criticism, Vol. 8 Contemporary Literary Criticism, Vol. 12 Contemporary Literary Criticism, Vol. 5

Important People

Franklin D. Roosevelt- He was the first president who understood how to use media and the radio. He made speeches on the radio called Fireside chats. He made about 28- 33 of these. He was elected to office four times. In one of his speeches he talked about how there was more employment now than 4 years ago. He used radio to give his own points of view and defend the New Deal. Used radio because it was intimate. Superman/ Clark Kent- Cartoon (sept. 18, 1942) superman takes the war to the enemy in a time that we could not do it. He did something that they were incapable of doing, defeating the enemy. he was fighting the military (not TERRERISM) not blowing business building just military items. He represents our country. Clark Kent is supermans alter ego who is a reporter for the Metropolis newspaper, The Daily Planet. Herman Goering- (1893 – 1946). He was a German politician, military leader, and a leading member of the Nazi Party. Among many offices, he was Hitler's designated successor, and commander of the Luftwaffe (German Air Force). He was a veteran of WWI as an ace fighter pilot, and a recipient of the coveted Pour le Merite (â€Å"The Blue Max†). He was the last commander of Jagdgeschwader I, the air squadron of Manfred Von Richthofen â€Å"The Red Baron†. After the WWII he was convicted of war crimes and crimes against humanity at the Nuremberg Trials. He was sentenced to death by hanging, but committed suicide by cyanide ingestion the night before he was due to be hanged. Max Fleischer- (1883 – 1972) He was an American animator. He was a pioneer in the development of the animated cartoon and served as the head of Fleischer Studios. He brought such animated characters as Betty Boop, Koko the Clown, Popeye, and Superman to the movie screen and was responsible for a number of technological innovations like the idea of the rotoscope which was a concept to simplify the process of animating movement by tracing frames of live action film. Lois Lane- she is a reporter for the Metropolis newspaper, The Daily Planet. She represents our individual attitudes. She is willing to die for what she believes in and is a hero. She represents American stubbornness and she’s a hero because she never once calls for help. Iva Toguri- (1916 –2006) She was an American citizen who participated in English-language propaganda broadcast transmitted by Radio Tokyo to Allied soldiers in the South Pacific during World War II. Although on the â€Å"Zero Hour† radio show, Toguri called herself â€Å"Orphan Ann,† she quickly became identified with the moniker â€Å"Tokyo Rose†, a name that was coined by Allied soldiers and that predated her broadcasts. William Joyce- (1906 – 1946) He was nicknamed Lord Haw-Haw and was a fascist politician and Nazi propaganda broadcaster to the United Kingdom during the Second World War. He was hanged for treason by the British government as a result of his wartime activities. Joseph Goebbels- (1897 –h 1945) was a German politician and Reich Minister of Propaganda in Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. As one of German dictator Adolf Hitler's closest associates and most devout followers, he was known for his zealous oratory and anti-Semitism. He was the chief architect of the Kristallnacht attack on the German Jews, which historians consider to be the commencement of the Nazi violence culminating in the Holocaust. From our notes: he said to Hitler that he needed to sell his ideas and form an enemy. Neville Chamberlain (1869 – 1940) was a British Conservative politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from May 1937 to May 1940. Chamberlain is best known for his appeasement foreign policy, and in particular for his signing of the Munich Agreement in 1938, conceding the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia to Nazi Germany. When Adolf Hitler continued his aggression, Britain declared war on Germany on 3 September 1939, and Chamberlain led Britain through the first eight months of World War II. Hughes flying Boat H-4 (hk-1) Hercules (â€Å"Spruce Goose†)- was a prototype heavy transport aircraft designed and built by the Hughes Aircraft company. The aircraft made its only flight on November 2, 1947. Built from wood because of wartime raw material restrictions on the use of aluminum, it was nicknamed the â€Å"Spruce Goose† by its critics. The Hercules is the largest flying boat ever built, and has the largest wingspan and height of any aircraft in history. It survives in good condition at the Evergreen Aviation Museum in McMinnville, Oregon, USA.